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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Non-coding RNAs: a promising target for early metastasis intervention.

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs are key drivers of cancer metastasis. Understanding their roles and interactions offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for preventing cancer spread.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Metastasis, the spread of cancer, causes most cancer deaths and involves a complex invasion-metastasis cascade.
  • The biological mechanisms driving metastasis are not fully understood.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in cancer progression.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes recent research on the roles of three major ncRNA types: microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs.
  • It examines the involvement of these ncRNAs in the multistep process of metastasis.
  • The review also explores interactions among these ncRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms.

Key Points:

  • MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs play significant roles throughout the metastatic cascade.
  • Interactions and regulatory networks among these ncRNAs are crucial for metastasis.
  • Early prevention of metastasis is a key focus, with ncRNAs emerging as potential targets.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are vital players in cancer metastasis, influencing multiple steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade.
  • Targeting ncRNAs offers promising avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cancer.
  • Further research into ncRNA interactions can lead to improved strategies against metastatic relapse.