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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

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Sequence effects and speech processing: cognitive load for speaker-switching within and across accents.

Drew J McLaughlin1,2, Jackson S Colvett3, Julie M Bugg3

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. d.mclaughlin@bcbl.eu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Switching speakers or accents during speech processing increases cognitive load. Processing a new second (L2) language accent is more demanding than switching within the same accent or processing a first (L1) language accent.

Keywords:
AccentCongruency sequence effectPupillometry,·Speech processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Speech processing
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Listening to multiple speakers is more demanding than single-speaker tasks.
  • Cognitive demands of switching speakers or accents are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the cognitive load of processing first (L1) and second (L2) language-accented speech.
  • Examine demands of switching between speakers and accents using pupillometry.

Main Methods:

  • Pupillometry measured cognitive load during speech processing.
  • Participants listened to sentences from the same speaker, a new speaker with the same accent, or a new speaker with a different accent.

Main Results:

  • Switching speakers increased cognitive demand compared to listening to the same speaker.
  • Switching to a different accent was more demanding than switching within the same accent.
  • Switching from L1 to L2 accent was more demanding than L2 to L1.

Conclusions:

  • Listeners dynamically adjust cognitive processing for speaker and accent variability.
  • Findings support active control and auditory streaming models of speech processing.