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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

A Multivariant Surrogate Neutralization Assay Identifies Variant-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Profiles in Primary

David Niklas Springer¹, Marianna Traugott², Elisabeth Reuberger¹

¹Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new surrogate virus neutralization assay (sVNT) accurately identifies distinct neutralizing antibody (nAb) profiles following primary Omicron infection. This method shows high sensitivity and specificity, offering a viable alternative to live-virus neutralization tests.

Keywords:

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 antibodies immunoassay neutralization surrogate assay

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Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Diagnostic Assays

Background:

Primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant elicits unique neutralizing antibody (nAb) profiles.
Distinguishing Omicron infection serologically requires specific nAb detection against Omicron and ancestral wild-type (WT) strains.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a novel surrogate virus neutralization assay (sVNT) for identifying nAb profiles after primary Omicron infection.
To compare the accuracy of sVNT with live-virus neutralization tests (NTs).

Main Methods:

A novel sVNT quantifying binding inhibition of ACE2 to WT and Omicron receptor-binding domains (RBDs) was developed.
205 samples from individuals with primary Omicron or WT infection, and vaccinated subjects, were tested.
sVNT results were compared with variant-specific live-virus NT titers.

Main Results:

Variant-specific RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition strongly correlated with NT titers (Spearman's r = 0.92 for WT, r = 0.80 for Omicron).
The sVNT accurately identified individuals with primary Omicron infection based on nAb profiles (AUC = 0.99).
High sensitivity (97.2%) and specificity (97.84%) were achieved for Omicron infection detection using sVNT.

Conclusions:

The novel sVNT effectively identifies distinct nAb profiles characteristic of primary Omicron infection.
sVNT serves as a reliable substitute for laborious live-virus NTs when needed for serological identification.
This assay facilitates accurate serological diagnosis of Omicron variant infections.