Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

154
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
154
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

175
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
175
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

175
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
175
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

198
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
198
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

357
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
357
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

155
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
155

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of anti-TNF and anti-IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy on periodontal inflammation and gingival crevicular fluid IL-6 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Targeting the transcription factor GATA3 by the DNAzyme formulation SB012 in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2a induction trial.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2026
Same author

JAK inhibitors in the management of extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease.

Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology·2025
Same author

Atezolizumab/bevacizumab and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma: A comparative analysis in a European real-world cohort.

Hepatology communications·2024
Same author

Integrin αVβ6: Autoantigen and Driver of Epithelial Remodeling in Colon and Bile Ducts in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Journal of Crohn's & colitis·2024
Same author

p21 Prevents the Exhaustion of CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Within the Antitumor Immune Response Against Colorectal Cancer.

Gastroenterology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice
09:01

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

Published on: March 10, 2015

10.1K

Novel Small Molecules in IBD: Current State and Future Perspectives.

André Jefremow1,2,3, Markus F Neurath1,2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine 1, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.

Cells
|July 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Small molecules like JAK inhibitors are emerging as alternatives to biologics for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), offering benefits such as lower costs and easier administration, but requiring careful side effect management.

Keywords:
Crohn’sJAKinflammatory bowel diseasessmall molecular drugssmall moleculesulcerative colitis

More Related Videos

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
06:57

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

Published on: September 18, 2016

9.1K
Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation
07:05

Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation

Published on: December 15, 2017

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice
09:01

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

Published on: March 10, 2015

10.1K
Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
06:57

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

Published on: September 18, 2016

9.1K
Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation
07:05

Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation

Published on: December 15, 2017

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and immunology
  • Pharmacology of novel therapeutics

Background:

  • Biologics have been the primary treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), for two decades.
  • The advent of small molecule drugs, exemplified by tofacitinib, marks a significant shift in IBD therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging small molecule therapies for IBD.
  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of small molecules versus biologics in IBD management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and trial outcomes for small molecule agents in IBD.
  • Analysis of drug properties including cost, immunogenicity, administration, and side effect profiles.

Main Results:

  • Small molecules offer potential benefits such as lower production costs, reduced immunogenicity, and simpler administration compared to biologics.
  • Emerging small molecules, including JAK inhibitors and S1P1R modulators, are entering clinical practice and trials.
  • Potential side effects associated with small molecules require careful patient and physician management.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecule drugs represent a promising new class of therapeutics for IBD, potentially challenging the long-standing dominance of biologics.
  • The strategic use of small molecules necessitates a thorough understanding of their efficacy, safety, and patient-specific considerations.