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Could Microplastics Be a Driver for Early Onset Colorectal Cancer?

Shelley Li1, Jacqueline I Keenan1, Ian C Shaw2

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) may be linked to microplastics (MPs). MPs might disrupt the protective mucus layer in the colon, increasing cancer risk. Further research is needed to confirm this environmental driver.

Keywords:
colonic mucus layercolorectal cancerearly onset colorectal cancermicroplastics

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Environmental Health

Background:

  • Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence is rising globally, particularly in distal colon and rectum.
  • This trend suggests a cohort effect since 1960, likely driven by environmental factors.
  • Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly prevalent and consumed by humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of microplastics as a driver for the increasing incidence of EOCRC.
  • To investigate mechanisms by which MPs may contribute to colorectal cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EOCRC epidemiology, plastic pollution, and gut physiology.
  • Exploration of potential biological interactions between microplastics and the colonic mucus layer.

Main Results:

  • Microplastics interact with the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and rectum.
  • Potential mechanisms exist for MPs to disrupt the protective colonic mucus layer.
  • Disruption of the mucus layer may reduce its protective effect, increasing colorectal cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • The rise in EOCRC aligns with the increased environmental presence of microplastics.
  • Microplastics may damage the colonic mucus barrier, contributing to colorectal carcinogenesis.
  • Further investigation into MPs' role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis is warranted.