Effects of Defects on Masonry Confinement with Inorganic Matrix Composites

Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are currently considered a suitable solution for strengthening existing structures. Confinement applications are still being investigated, since experimental programs showed significant scatter in the results and theoretical models are struggling to become established as a consequence. The main aim of this study is the identification of potential sources of scatter in the confinement efficiency of FRCM wrappings, in defects such as fiber slip within the matrix or imperfect straightening of fibers, or premature failure of fibers once exposed after complete matrix cracking. A theoretical incremental approach is proposed to simulate such effects. The approach is incremental, but not iterative, so that no convergence is required and the incremental step size has an impact only on the smoothness of the nonlinear theoretical stress vs. strain curves of the FRCM confined material, among other simulation results. Theoretical results are compared to experimental outcomes of previous tests. The main source of variability can be identified in the cited defects, and the approach can be considered satisfactory to simulate the effects of defects and the high scatter found in experimental results; however, further uncertainties in the behavior of materials can be included in future refinements of this study.