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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
Nilesh Dankhara1, Ira Holla1, Sumana Ramarao1
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 14, 2023
Summary
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Its development is complex, influenced by prenatal and postnatal factors including genetics, ventilation, and nutrition.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent respiratory complication in premature infants.
- While classic BPD is less common, 'new BPD' is increasingly observed due to advances in neonatal intensive care.
- The condition arises from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the pathology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
- To examine the multifactorial pathogenesis of BPD, encompassing both prenatal and postnatal factors.
- To synthesize current literature on the contributing elements to BPD development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing scientific articles and studies.
- Analysis of pathological features of "new BPD" compared to "old BPD".
- Discussion of various etiological factors implicated in BPD pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- BPD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition and environmental insults.
- Key factors include maternal conditions, genetic susceptibility, ventilator-induced lung injury, oxygen toxicity, sepsis, PDA, and nutritional status.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for managing and potentially preventing BPD.
Conclusions:
- "New BPD" presents differently from classic BPD due to improved neonatal care survival rates.
- Prenatal and postnatal factors significantly contribute to the complex pathogenesis of BPD.
- Further research into these factors may lead to improved therapeutic strategies and prevention of BPD.
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