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Associations between Liver Enzymes, Lifestyle Risk Factors and Pre-Existing Medical Conditions in a Population-Based
Onni Niemelä1, Aini Bloigu2, Risto Bloigu3
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 14, 2023
Summary
Liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) indicate more than liver dysfunction, predicting broader health risks. Lifestyle factors significantly influence these enzyme levels, linking them to various medical conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) are established liver dysfunction markers.
- Emerging evidence suggests their potential as predictive biomarkers for extrahepatic morbidity.
- Understanding the interplay between lifestyle, health status, and these liver enzymes is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the associations between serum liver enzyme abnormalities (ALT and GGT) and lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, body weight).
- To examine the relationship between liver enzymes and pre-existing medical conditions.
- To explore the predictive value of ALT and GGT for various health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of a population-based sample of 8743 adults from the National FINRISK 2002 Study.
- Assessment of ALT and GGT activities, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions.
- Laboratory tests for inflammation, lipid status, and fatty liver index (FLI).
- Logistic regression analyses adjusted for lifestyle factors.
Main Results:
- ALT and GGT abnormalities were significantly influenced by alcohol use, smoking, adiposity, physical inactivity, and coffee consumption.
- Higher lifestyle risk factor scores (LRFS) correlated with increased liver enzyme abnormalities.
- ALT and GGT associated significantly with fatty liver, diabetes, and hypertension, with GGT also linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and depression.
- Combined abnormal ALT and GGT levels increased the odds for hypertension with concurrent biomarker abnormalities.
Conclusions:
- ALT and GGT activities are sensitive indicators of unfavorable lifestyle factors.
- These liver enzymes are associated with a wide spectrum of hepatic and extrahepatic morbidities.
- The findings support the expanded use of ALT and GGT in predictive algorithms for disease risk assessment.
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