Engineered Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Fungicides for Plant Disease Control.

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Nanotechnology
• Mycology

Background:

• Metal oxide nanoparticles are explored as eco-friendly fungicides for plant disease management.
• Numerous metal oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated potent antifungal properties against phytopathogenic fungi.
• Sustainable agriculture benefits from novel antifungal agents like metal oxide nanoparticles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review the application of mono-, bi-, and tri-metal oxide nanoparticles in controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
• To identify research gaps and suggest future directions for metal oxide nanoparticle-based fungicides.
• To evaluate the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles in enhancing plant disease control.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on metal oxide nanoparticles against phytopathogenic fungi.
• Analysis of existing data on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of various metal oxide nanoparticles.
• Exploration of synthesis methods, including biological synthesis, for metal oxide nanoparticles.

Main Results:

• Mono-metal oxide nanoparticles, especially ZnO and CuO nanoparticles, are the most studied for antifungal activity.
• Limited research exists on the efficacy of bi- and tri-metal oxide nanoparticles against plant pathogens.
• Most evaluations are conducted in vitro, highlighting a need for more in vivo studies.
• Biological synthesis emerges as a viable and sustainable method for producing antifungal metal oxide nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

• Metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly ZnO and CuO, are effective against phytopathogenic fungi.
• Further investigation into bi- and tri-metal oxide nanoparticles and in vivo efficacy is crucial.
• Biological synthesis offers a sustainable route for developing novel antifungal agents for agriculture.