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Genomics for Yield and Yield Components in Durum Wheat.

Francesca Taranto1, Salvatore Esposito2, Pasquale De Vita2

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Dissecting durum wheat yield into components is insufficient for increasing crop yields due to environmental challenges. Advanced genomic selection and sequencing technologies offer new opportunities for durum wheat breeding.

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GWAScandidate genesgenomic selectionquantitative trait loci

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Agricultural science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genetic basis of yield and yield components in durum wheat has been extensively studied using linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies.
  • The reductionist approach of dissecting yield into components is insufficient for significant yield increases due to diminishing resources, land loss, and climate change.
  • Controlling grain yield in durum wheat remains challenging, partly due to its polyploidy level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic bases regulating durum wheat yield.
  • To highlight limitations of current approaches and explore future directions in durum wheat breeding.
  • To emphasize the potential of new technologies in enhancing durum wheat genetic improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic studies of durum wheat yield.
  • Analysis of the effectiveness of reductionist approaches versus holistic genomic strategies.
  • Discussion of the impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome editing technologies.

Main Results:

  • The reductionist approach alone does not guarantee significant yield increases in durum wheat.
  • Identification of genes and chromosomal regions for yield is ongoing but challenging.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS), improved genome assembly, high-throughput genotyping, and genome editing are poised to revolutionize durum wheat breeding.

Conclusions:

  • Future durum wheat breeding programs must integrate advanced genomic tools.
  • Genomic selection is a valuable tool for optimizing allelic combinations to maximize phenotypic potential.
  • Technological advancements offer significant opportunities to capture and utilize genetic variation for improved durum wheat varieties.