Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...

Introduction to Metabolism

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Carbohydrate catabolism is a fundamental process in cellular metabolism that enables energy extraction from glucose through two primary pathways: cellular respiration and fermentation. Both pathways begin with glycolysis, which operates independently of oxygen availability.Glycolysis: A Shared Starting PointGlycolysis is an oxygen-independent process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During this process, a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules is...

What is Metabolism?

What is Metabolism?

Redox Reactions

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces frequency and severity of undesirable symptoms of the menopause transition: an open-label, pilot clinical trial.

Frontiers in aging·2026

Same author

Therapeutic potential of dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) on obesity and glucose intolerance in mice.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Pregnancy precipitates metabolic imbalance and accelerates death in an animal model of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

Molecular metabolism·2026

Same author

Unraveling the role of polyamine metabolism in postoperative delirium: insights into biochemical mechanisms and biomarker potential.

npj aging·2026

Same author

NAPRT-mediated deamidated NAD biosynthesis enhances colon tissue resiliency and suppresses tumorigenesis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Cyclic-FMN Is a Detectable, Putative Intermediate of FAD Metabolism.

Biomolecules·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Defining NAD(P)(H) Catabolism.

Jyothi Dhuguru¹, Ryan W Dellinger², Marie E Migaud¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.

|July 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary vitamin B3 supplements aim to boost nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, which decline with age. This review examines NAD+ breakdown products, highlighting their importance in understanding supplement efficacy and potential health impacts.

Keywords:

NAD(P)(H) catabolism NAD+ metabolism methyl-nicotinamide niacin nicotinamide pyridone

More Related Videos

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue

Published on: June 21, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue

Published on: June 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry and Metabolism
Aging and Disease Research
Nutritional Science

Background:

Dietary vitamin B3 components like nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are precursors to the essential redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
NAD+ levels are observed to decrease with aging and in various disease states.
Supplementation strategies using NAD+ biosynthetic intermediates, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), aim to restore NAD+ levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To review known and emerging catabolites of the NAD(H) metabolome.
To highlight the biochemical and physiological functions of these catabolites.
To emphasize the need for analytical methods to assess the complete NAD(H) metabolome.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on NAD+ precursors and their metabolites.
Analysis of biochemical pathways involved in NAD(H) formation and breakdown.
Discussion of analytical challenges in quantifying the NAD(H) metabolome.

Main Results:

NAD+ precursor supplementation alters NAD(H) catabolism profiles.
The distribution and abundance of NAD(H) catabolites vary significantly based on precursor, species, and tissue.
Certain NAD(H) catabolites may serve as biomarkers for physiological disorders and may not be inert.

Conclusions:

The pharmacological significance of NAD(H) catabolites is often overlooked.
Understanding NAD(H) catabolite profiles is crucial for evaluating the efficacy and safety of NAD+ precursor supplementation.
Comprehensive analytical methods are needed to fully characterize the NAD(H) metabolome and its implications for health and disease.