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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

458
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
458
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

684
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
684

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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Published on: January 31, 2025

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Recent Advances in Smart Epidural Spinal Needles.

Murad Althobaiti1, Sajid Ali2, Nasir G Hariri2

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate epidural space localization during lumbar puncture is crucial, with failure rates up to 28%. This review examines mechanical and optical sensor techniques to bridge the gap between clinical needs and engineering solutions for safer spinal procedures.

Keywords:
epidural anesthesiaepidural spacefiber Bragg grating sensorforce measurementsspinal needle

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Procedures
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Anesthesia

Background:

  • Lumbar puncture is a critical procedure for cerebrospinal fluid sampling and drug delivery.
  • Physician expertise is currently relied upon for epidural space localization, leading to a significant failure rate (up to 28%).
  • Blind needle insertion poses risks, including dura mater puncture and failed anesthesia, necessitating advanced localization techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on epidural space localization techniques.
  • To bridge the gap between clinical requirements and engineering solutions for spinal needle guidance.
  • To examine sensor development for accurate epidural space identification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanical and optical sensor methodologies for epidural space localization.
  • Analysis of clinical needs from an anatomical perspective.
  • Discussion of sensor design and construction approaches.

Main Results:

  • Various mechanical and optical schemes have been proposed for epidural space identification.
  • The paper synthesizes research from both clinical and engineering domains.
  • It highlights the importance of sensor technology in improving needle placement accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced sensor technologies are essential for improving the success rate and safety of lumbar punctures.
  • Integrating clinical needs with engineering innovations can lead to the development of 'smart' spinal needles.
  • Future directions include adherence to standards for smart spinal needles and further research into novel guidance systems.