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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a...
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Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats
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Spatiotemporal Thermal Variations in Moroccan Cities: A Comparative Analysis.

Ahmed Derdouri1, Yuji Murayama1, Takehiro Morimoto1

  • 1Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Moroccan cities increased due to urbanization and vegetation loss, with inland areas experiencing greater warming. Urban heat sinks offered some cooling, especially in coastal cities.

Keywords:
Land Surface Temperature (LST)Moroccan urban landscapesmachine learning

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Urban Climatology
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Urbanization significantly impacts Land Surface Temperature (LST).
  • Disparities exist in LST trends between coastal and inland urban environments.
  • Understanding urban heat dynamics is crucial for sustainable development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze LST trends in eight Moroccan cities from 1990-2020.
  • To identify factors influencing LST variations, including urbanization and vegetation cover.
  • To compare LST dynamics between coastal and inland cities.

Main Methods:

  • Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) for spatial analysis.
  • Machine learning (ML) algorithms: XGBoost and LightGBM.
  • SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for model interpretability.

Main Results:

  • LST increased across all studied cities, driven by urbanization and vegetation degradation.
  • Inland cities showed more pronounced LST increases than coastal cities.
  • Urban heat sinks (UHSs) contributed to cooling, particularly in coastal areas.
  • XGBoost generally outperformed LightGBM in the analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Urbanization, topography, and green spaces are key drivers of LST.
  • Sustainable urban planning and vegetation management are vital for mitigating urban heat.
  • ML models effectively analyze urban heat dynamics, despite data challenges.