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Treatment with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors (PCSK9i): Current Evidence for Expanding the
Rosaria Vincenza Giglio1,2, Emir M Muzurović3,4, Angelo Maria Patti5
1Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) significantly lower LDL cholesterol, benefiting patients with high cardiovascular risk. These advanced therapies also show potential benefits for metabolic factors like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Lipidology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are crucial for managing hyperlipidemia and preventing cardiovascular events.
- PCSK9 plays a role in cholesterol metabolism, macrophage function, and inflammatory pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on PCSK9 inhibitors from 2015 to the present.
- To evaluate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on both lipid profiles and metabolic factors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on studies published since 2015.
- Analysis of PCSK9 inhibitor effects on lipoprotein clearance, inflammatory markers, and metabolic conditions.
Main Results:
- PCSK9 inhibitors effectively reduce LDL cholesterol and other atherogenic lipoproteins in high-risk patients.
- PCSK9 inhibition may improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease biomarkers and has a neutral effect on new-onset diabetes risk.
- PCSK9 is implicated in macrophage cholesterol efflux, inflammation, and lipoprotein binding.
Conclusions:
- PCSK9 inhibitors represent a significant advancement in managing hypercholesterolemia and reducing cardiovascular risk.
- Growing evidence supports the safety and tolerability of PCSK9 inhibitors in clinical practice.
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