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Post-COVID-19 Arterial Thrombotic Events among Three Major Permutations of COVID-19
Sudhir Bhandari1, Shashank Joshi2, Govind Rankawat3
1Vice Chancellor, RUHS and Professor Emeritus, Department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan; Corresponding Author.
Insights
The Delta variant of COVID-19 poses a higher risk for post-COVID thrombotic events compared to the Omicron and Alpha variants. Thrombotic event risk correlates with disease severity.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Post-COVID-19 thrombotic events remain a significant health burden globally.
- Understanding variant-specific risks for these events is crucial, especially with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
- While vaccination reduces severe COVID-19, residual risks from prior infections persist.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and characteristics of post-COVID-19 thrombotic events across different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.
- To compare the risk of thrombotic events following infection with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants.
- To determine the relationship between disease severity, patient demographics, and the development of post-COVID-19 thrombotic events.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, observational study involving 3,220 COVID-19 patients infected with Alpha, Delta, or Omicron variants.
- Data collection included demographics, clinical profiles, comorbidities, disease severity, and vaccination status.
- Patients were followed for six months to identify and analyze post-COVID-19 thrombotic events.
Main Results:
- Overall, 7.48% of patients developed post-COVID-19 thrombotic events, with the highest incidence in the Delta variant group (14.90%).
- Coronary artery disease and cerebral vascular disease were the most common thrombotic events observed.
- The risk of thrombotic events was significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 and varied by variant, with Delta showing the highest risk.
Conclusions:
- Patients infected with the Delta variant face a greater risk of post-COVID-19 thrombotic events.
- The Omicron variant presented the lowest risk, while the Alpha variant posed an intermediate risk.
- The severity of the initial COVID-19 illness is a key factor influencing the likelihood of developing post-COVID-19 thrombotic events.
Background:
Post-COVID-19 thrombotic events are a crucial trouble of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, affecting hundreds of thousands of people internationally. Further proof is needed at the chance of putting up COVID-19 thrombotic activities after infection with specific editions of COVID-19. In the gift state of affairs, when the maximum of human beings gets vaccinated, COVID-19 sickness is less likely. However, the remnants of preceding COVID-19 infections are nonetheless a sizeable fitness burden.
Methods:
This prospective, observational, comparative, and analytical look at a total of 3,220 COVID-19 sufferers who visited the medical institution. We covered 1,050 sufferers of α-variants; 1,275 sufferers of δ-variants; 895 sufferers of Omicron variations; from June to November 2020, March to July 2021, and January to April 2022, respectively. The affected person's records concerning demography, clinical profile, comorbidities, the severity of the disorder, clinic stay, and vaccination repute were accrued and all sufferers have been accompanied up for 6 months of duration. The sufferers who evolved post-COVID-19 thrombotic events have been approached to gather records regarding demography, comorbidities, the severity of the disease, and vaccination assay. All accumulated information has been tabulated, compiled, and analyzed to examine the post-COVID-19 thrombotic occasions among exceptional variants of COVID-19.
Results:
A complete of 246 (7.48%) patients [190 (14.90%) of the δ-variant, 41 (3.90%) of the α-variant, and 15 (1.68%) of Omicron version] evolved post-COVID-19 thrombotic occasions at some stage in their comply with-up period. In this observation, distinctly popular post-COVID-19 thrombotic occasions changed into coronary artery ailment (50.00%) which turned followed via cerebral vascular sickness (38.61%), abdominal vessels disease (5.69%), and peripheral artery disease (5.69%). These thrombotic occasions were not unique to any variations of SARS-CoV-2. The distinction of implying the age of patients suffering from post-COVID-19 thrombotic activities became statistically giant (p < 0.05) in comparison amongst all versions. At the time of analysis of COVID-19, 86.17% of sufferers with put-up COVID-19 thrombotic occasions had slight to excessive sickness whilst 13.82% had slight to asymptomatic disorder. The common time length to develop and publish COVID-19 thrombotic events for δ 137.18, Omicron 145.18, and α-version turned 149.85 days.
Conclusion:
Sufferers inflamed with the δ-variant of COVID-19 are greater vulnerable to developing submit COVID-19 thrombotic events with minimum hazard within the Omicron version and intermediate risk within the α-version. The hazard of submitting COVID-19 thrombotic activities is directly proportional to the severity of the sickness.
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