Clinical and pathologic findings in dogs with atherosclerosis: 21 cases (1970-1983)

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pathology
• Canine Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs.
• Understanding its prevalence and characteristics is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To document the prevalence and pathological findings of atherosclerosis in a canine necropsy population.
• To identify breeds with higher susceptibility and common clinical and clinicopathological features.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of necropsy records over a 14-year period.
• Gross and histological examination of affected arteries and myocardium.
• Review of clinical signs and clinicopathological data (blood chemistry, electrophoresis, ECG).

Main Results:

• Atherosclerosis was diagnosed in 21 dogs, with 21/21 showing arterial lesions and 12/21 exhibiting myocardial changes.
• Miniature Schnauzer, Doberman Pinscher, and Labrador Retriever breeds had a higher prevalence.
• Common clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, weakness, dyspnea, collapse, and vomiting. Hypercholesterolemia, lipidemia, and hypothyroidism were frequent.
• Affected arteries were grossly thickened, nodular, and yellow-white with narrowed lumens. Histology revealed foamy cells, cystic spaces, and mineralization.

Conclusions:

• Atherosclerosis is a recognized, albeit uncommon, disease in dogs with distinct pathological features.
• Certain breeds may be predisposed, and associated metabolic conditions like hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism are common.
• The findings highlight the systemic impact of atherosclerosis in dogs, affecting multiple organs and potentially leading to severe complications.