Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Law of Segregation

Law of Segregation

When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.

Chi-square Analysis

Chi-square Analysis

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...

Law of Independent Assortment

Law of Independent Assortment

While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.

Small-signal Diode Model

Small-signal Diode Model

In analyzing the behavior of diodes in circuits, the relationship between the current through a diode and the voltage across it is of particular interest, especially when considering the effect of a direct current (DC) bias voltage. When applied, this DC bias influences the diode's operating point, known as the Q point, around which the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the diode exhibits exponential behavior. Introducing a small, time-varying signal on top of this bias aids in...

Test Cross

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Beyond Mendel: a call to revisit the genotype-phenotype map through new experimental paradigms.

Genetics·2026

Same author

An efficient coalescent model for heterochronously sampled molecular data.

Journal of the American Statistical Association·2025

Same author

Genealogical Analysis of Replicate Flower Colour Hybrid Zones in Antirrhinum.

Molecular ecology·2025

Same author

Joint Estimation of Paternity, Sibships and Pollen Dispersal in a Snapdragon Hybrid Zone.

Molecular ecology·2025

Same author

Why do sex chromosomes progressively lose recombination?

Trends in genetics : TIG·2024

Same author

How chromosomal inversions reorient the evolutionary process.

Journal of evolutionary biology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

The infinitesimal model with dominance.

Nicholas H Barton¹, Alison M Etheridge², Amandine Véber³

¹Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus I, A-3400 Klosterneuberg, Austria.

|July 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The infinitesimal model for quantitative trait inheritance is extended to include dominance effects. This robust model, grounded in Mendelian genetics, accurately predicts trait inheritance patterns with increasing numbers of genetic loci.

Keywords:

dominance infinitesimal model

More Related Videos

Assessing Dominant-Submissive Behavior in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Assessing Dominant-Submissive Behavior in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: December 16, 2022

Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test

Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2025

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Assessing Dominant-Submissive Behavior in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Assessing Dominant-Submissive Behavior in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: December 16, 2022

Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test

Assessing Social Dominance in Mouse Models Using the Tube Test

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Quantitative genetics
Statistical genetics
Population genetics

Background:

The classical infinitesimal model simplifies quantitative trait inheritance.
It assumes genetic components follow a normal distribution around parental averages.
Previous work justified this model for additive Mendelian factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the infinitesimal model to incorporate dominance effects.
To provide a theoretical justification for the model under Mendelian inheritance with dominance.
To analyze the distribution of genetic and environmental components in families.

Main Methods:

Defining the model using classical quantitative genetics terms.
Justifying the model as a limit of Mendelian inheritance as the number of loci (M) approaches infinity.
Utilizing probabilities of identity by descent (IBD) for variance component analysis.

Main Results:

The infinitesimal model is extended to include first-order dominance effects.
Two-, three-, and four-way identities are required for variance component analysis with dominance.
Shared and residual genetic components are asymptotically normally distributed with an error of order 1/M.

Conclusions:

The infinitesimal model provides a robust framework for quantitative trait inheritance, even with dominance.
The model's validity is supported by its derivation from Mendelian inheritance with a large number of loci.
The findings have implications for understanding complex trait variation and genetic architecture.