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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Decoding hepatocarcinogenesis from a noncoding RNAs perspective.

Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz1,2, Alyaa Dawoud3, Caroline J Kiriacos3

  • 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|July 14, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Understanding their roles offers new avenues for HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and drug development.

Keywords:
LincRNAscircRNAshepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)lncRNAsmicroRNAs (miRNAs)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global cancer with poorly understood liver tumorigenesis mechanisms.
  • While microRNAs are studied, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) roles in HCC remain less investigated.
  • lncRNAs regulate diverse cellular functions, and their dysregulation is linked to various etiologies of HCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on lncRNA and circRNA dysregulation in HCC pathophysiology.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs and circRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
  • To discuss future trends and therapeutic strategies targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs in HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent breakthroughs in lncRNA and circRNA research related to HCC.
  • Analysis of the pathological roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in HCC progression.
  • Discussion of potential drug development strategies based on lncRNA and circRNA targets.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs and circRNAs are significantly involved in HCC pathophysiology.
  • Dysregulated lncRNAs and circRNAs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • These noncoding RNAs influence HCC proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs and circRNAs represent critical research areas for understanding HCC.
  • Targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs holds potential for novel HCC diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into lncRNAs and circRNAs can drive effective HCC drug development.