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Related Concept Videos

Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

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In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

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The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Tailoring a local acid-like microenvironment for efficient neutral hydrogen evolution.

Xiaozhong Zheng1, Xiaoyun Shi1, Honghui Ning1

  • 1Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028, Hangzhou, P. R. China.

Nature Communications
|July 14, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Ir-HxWO3, a novel catalyst for efficient electrochemical hydrogen production in neutral water. It creates an acidic microenvironment, significantly boosting reaction kinetics for clean energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in neutral media is kinetically challenging, hindering efficient energy conversion.
  • Developing catalysts that overcome sluggish kinetics in neutral environments is crucial for advancing clean energy technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate a novel Ir-HxWO3 catalyst for enhanced neutral HER.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which HxWO3 support modifies the local microenvironment around iridium sites.
  • To demonstrate the potential for tailoring catalytic activity through microenvironment engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ir-HxWO3 catalyst.
  • Electrochemical characterization, including overpotential and Tafel slope measurements.
  • Spectroscopic analysis to confirm proton injection and local microenvironment formation.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized Ir-HxWO3 catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced performance for neutral HER.
  • HxWO3 acts as a proton sponge, creating an acid-like microenvironment around Ir sites.
  • The catalyst achieves a low overpotential of 20 mV and a Tafel slope of 28 mV dec-1, comparable to acidic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The Ir-HxWO3 catalyst effectively overcomes kinetic limitations in neutral HER.
  • Engineering the local reaction microenvironment is a viable strategy to enhance catalytic activity and control reaction pathways.
  • This work provides a new approach for designing efficient electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.