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Temporal and spatial distribution trends of polio vaccine coverage in less than one-year old children in Brazil,

Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da Silva1, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá2, Elton Junio Sady Prates2

  • 1Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 30190 000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. tercialud@gmail.com.

BMC Public Health
|July 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Polio vaccine coverage in Brazil declined by nearly 30% between 2011 and 2021, with low-coverage areas increasing significantly, particularly in the North and Northeast. This trend heightens the risk of poliovirus spread.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Low polio vaccine coverage poses a risk for poliovirus transmission.
  • This study examines polio vaccination trends in Brazil from 2011-2021.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze temporal trends and spatial distribution of polio vaccine coverage in Brazilian children.
  • To identify regions with declining vaccination rates.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological time-series study (2011-2021) using national immunization program data.
  • Prais-Winsten regression for time-series analysis and spatial analysis for coverage clusters.
  • Calculated percentage reductions in vaccination coverage nationally and regionally.

Main Results:

  • Polio vaccine coverage decreased by 29.9% from 2011 to 2021.
  • Low-coverage clusters (low-low) increased from 140 to 403 municipalities, concentrated in North and Northeast regions.
  • Downward trends in coverage observed in 24 of 26 states and the Federal District.

Conclusions:

  • Declining polio vaccine coverage in Brazil, especially North/Northeast, may facilitate poliovirus spread.
  • Targeted vaccination strategies are crucial for areas with declining coverage, including vulnerable populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
BrazilEcological studiesImmunization programsImmunization schedulePoliovirus VaccinesSpatial analysis

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