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Processing references in context: when the polar bear does not meet a polar bear.

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Summary

Understanding discourse is difficult with missing or conflicting context. This study shows that violations in determiner use, like "the," prolong reading times and lower acceptability, impacting comprehension.

Keywords:
Cognitive processingContext reference processDefinite and indefinite determinerDiscourse understandingPresuppositionSemantics

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Discourse comprehension relies on context to resolve referential ambiguity.
  • Determiners like "the" and "a" carry presuppositions about referent existence and uniqueness.
  • Violations of these presuppositions can impede understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the processing of presupposition violations involving definite and indefinite determiners.
  • To examine how missing or conflicting context information affects the interpretation of determiner presuppositions.
  • To analyze the time course of processing uniqueness presuppositions.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments using word-by-word self-paced reading tasks to measure reading times.
  • Acceptability judgments were collected to assess the impact of presupposition violations.
  • Contextual information was manipulated to create missing or conflicting scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Conflicting and missing context information led to reduced acceptability ratings.
  • Processing difficulties were indicated by prolonged reading times.
  • The specific pattern of results varied based on the type of presupposition and context supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Interpreting presuppositions involves complex cognitive processes to achieve coherent discourse understanding.
  • Both missing and conflicting contextual information significantly disrupt discourse processing.
  • The cognitive mechanisms engaged differ depending on the nature of the linguistic violation.