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Updated: Aug 1, 2026
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
Evaluation of antioxidant parameters of multiple sclerosis patients' serum according to the disease course
Maria Nowak-Kiczmer1, Natalia Niedziela1, Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka2
1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.
Introduction:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Its clinical courses are clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). The differentiation of MS types is crucial for adequate treatment.
Objectives:
To evaluate antioxidant parameters of MS patients' serum according to MS type.
Materials And Methods:
The study included 84 patients diagnosed with MS. The study group was divided into three subgroups corresponding to MS courses RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS. Sulfhydryl groups (SH), ceruloplasmin (CER), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoforms were identified in study participants' sera.
Results:
CuZnSOD levels were significantly higher in SPMS patients than in PPMS patients, but there was no difference between SMPS and treatment-naive PPMS patients. MnSOD activity was significantly lower in SPMS patients than in PPMS patients. Our results show that SH levels were decreased in SPMS patients compared with RRMS patients, but this difference was significant only for male participants. SH concentration was reversely correlated with age, BMI, disease duration, EDSS, and in smoking patients with pack-years. CER serum levels waere elevated in SPMS patients compared with RRMS patients, but this difference was significant only for male participants. Our results show correlation between CER and EDSS levels.
Conclusion:
Oxidative stress plays a limited role in all disease stages, particularly in smokers as a confounding factor.
