Decriminalization thresholds for drug possession: A multi-criteria policy analysis framework

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Criminology
• Policy Analysis

Background:

• Drug decriminalization is proposed to reduce harms associated with drug prohibition.
• Defining personal possession limits is crucial for effective decriminalization models.
• Lack of clear parameters for personal possession hinders policy implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze and compare three distinct models for defining personal drug possession within decriminalization frameworks.
• To evaluate these models using evidence-based criteria relevant to policy objectives.
• To provide a framework for other jurisdictions considering drug decriminalization.

Main Methods:

• A multi-criteria policy analysis was conducted using data from expert interviews, police seizure data, and self-reported consumption data.
• Evaluation criteria were developed based on stated decriminalization objectives and stakeholder input.
• Three models were assessed: absence of trafficking evidence, a 15-gram threshold, and a 2.5-gram threshold.

Main Results:

• The 15-gram cumulative threshold model demonstrated superior performance across key evaluation criteria.
• This model better addressed objectives such as reducing police interactions and seizures while ensuring coverage for high consumption.
• Stakeholder acceptance varied, with the 15-gram model showing promise for balancing diverse needs.

Conclusions:

• Different threshold models impact decriminalization objectives differently.
• The 15-gram threshold offers a balanced approach to drug decriminalization policy.
• The study provides a transferable framework for determining possession thresholds in other jurisdictions.