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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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The Arch of Aorta01:10

The Arch of Aorta

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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
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Thoracic Aorta01:15

Thoracic Aorta

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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Arch Disease.

Ryan Gedney1, Mathew Wooster2

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, MSC 25, STE 654, Charleston, SC 29924, USA.

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Endovascular repair is emerging for aortic arch and descending thoracic diseases, offering lower morbidity. Further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for acute aortic syndromes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Vascular Endovascular Therapy

Background:

  • Aortic arch and descending thoracic pathologies traditionally required open surgical repair.
  • Advancements in endovascular technology are enabling less invasive treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and future directions of endovascular repair for aortic arch and descending thoracic pathologies.
  • To highlight the need for further investigation into optimal treatment modalities for acute aortic syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on endovascular aortic repair.
  • Analysis of early safety and efficacy data for endovascular interventions.
  • Discussion of treatment algorithms for acute aortic syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Early experience with endovascular repairs for these conditions demonstrates acceptable safety and reduced morbidity.
  • Endovascular approaches are expanding the treatment options beyond traditional open surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Endovascular repair is a rapidly advancing field for aortic arch and descending thoracic diseases.
  • Defining the optimal role of medical, surgical, endovascular, and hybrid approaches for acute aortic syndromes requires further study.