Hyperglycaemia-Related Visual Seizure

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Visual seizures are a rare but serious complication of poorly controlled chronic hyperglycemia.
• Hyperglycemia-induced osmotic imbalances can manifest with diverse neurological symptoms, including seizures.
• Prompt recognition and management of hyperglycemia are vital for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the association between hyperglycemia and visual seizures.
• To emphasize the importance of investigating metabolic abnormalities in patients with visual seizures.
• To underscore the therapeutic benefits of strict glycemic control.

Main Methods:

• A case study of a middle-aged female patient presenting with visual hallucinations and collapse.
• Diagnostic workup included assessment for diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), electroencephalogram (EEG), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Treatment involved initial management of DKA and antiepileptic medication, followed by strict diabetes control.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with symptoms consistent with diabetes ketoacidosis and visual seizures.
• EEG and MRI findings suggested an occipital seizure linked to metabolic disturbances.
• Resolution of visual seizures and discontinuation of antiepileptic medication were achieved through strict glycemic control.

Conclusions:

• Hyperglycemia can precipitate seizures, including visual disturbances, due to osmotic imbalances.
• All patients with visual seizures should be evaluated for underlying metabolic abnormalities, particularly hyperglycemia.
• Effective management of hyperglycemia leads to significant clinical improvement and enhanced patient well-being.