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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Infertility and cortisol: a systematic review.

Bheena Vyshali Karunyam1, Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim1, Isa Naina Mohamed2

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This review found inconsistent evidence regarding cortisol levels in infertile individuals compared to fertile controls. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between cortisol and infertility outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Human Physiology
  • Infertility Research

Background:

  • The relationship between stress and infertility is complex, prompting investigations into stress-related biological markers.
  • Cortisol, a key stress hormone, has been a focus of research in infertile populations.

Approach:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
  • Original articles from four electronic databases were analyzed, including 16 full-length studies (4 male, 11 female, 1 both genders).
  • Studies compared cortisol levels between infertile and fertile subjects, and between infertile subjects who conceived versus those who did not.

Key Points:

  • Findings on cortisol levels in infertile versus fertile subjects were mixed, with some studies reporting elevated levels in infertile individuals (males and females) and others finding no significant difference.
  • Results regarding cortisol levels and conception in infertile patients were also inconsistent, with some studies showing elevated cortisol in those who conceived and others in those who did not.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to definitively conclude that cortisol is significantly elevated in infertile patients.
  • Variations in sampling times, assessment techniques, and patient characteristics limit definitive conclusions.
  • Standardization of biological sample collection and further research are warranted to clarify the role of cortisol in infertility.