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Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury among Children with Severe Malaria at Kiryandongo General Hospital,

Lokengama Kwambele1, Grace Ndeezi2, Yamile Arias Ortiz1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda.

International Journal of Pediatrics
|July 17, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly half of children with severe malaria. Risk factors include young age, anemia, NSAID use, and low caretaker education. Early screening for AKI in these children is crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Severe malaria is a significant health issue in developing nations.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known complication in adult severe malaria, but its impact on children is less understood.
  • Identifying AKI prevalence and associated factors in pediatric severe malaria is vital for reducing morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria.
  • To identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with AKI in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Kiryandongo General Hospital.
  • 350 children with severe malaria were enrolled between August and October 2021.
  • Data on sociodemographics, medical history (including NSAID use), and laboratory tests (creatinine, blood smear) were collected and analyzed using logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of AKI among children with severe malaria was 47.7%.
  • Factors significantly associated with AKI included caretaker's low education level, child's age under 5 years, NSAID use, and moderate to severe anemia.
  • Specific odds ratios indicated substantial increased risk for these factors.

Conclusions:

  • AKI is highly prevalent in children with severe malaria at the study site.
  • Low caretaker education, young age, NSAID exposure, and anemia are key risk factors for AKI in pediatric severe malaria.
  • Routine AKI screening is recommended for high-risk children, particularly those under five, anemic, or with a history of NSAID use.
Abstract

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