The Association between Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Serum Malondialdehyde Level with End-Stage Renal Disease

The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism plays an important role in the pathophysiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Additionally, ApoE may contribute to the progression of oxidative stress. Thus, this study aimed to determine the ApoE gene polymorphism and evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in ESRD patients and healthy individuals.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted at 2010 at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Kermanshah, Iran). The study population comprised ESRD patients (n=136) and healthy individuals (n=137). The MDA level was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the frequencies of ApoE gene alleles were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 13. The significant differences of ApoE genotypes in case and control groups were assessed using Pearson's Chi square tests, and two-tailed Student's tests. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odd ratio. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the results, ESRD patients had a higher frequency of the E₂/E₃ genotype than the healthy group (P<0.001). The results indicated that E₃/E₄ genotype frequency in the patients' group was higher than that of the control group (P=0.026). Furthermore, the E₃/E₂ (OR=5.7, 95% CI=2.68-12.14) (P<0.001) and E₃/E₄ (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.05-2.34) (P=0.029) genotypes were found to increase the risk of ESRD. Moreover, the MDA level in ESRD patients was higher than the healthy individuals (P<0.001). The patients with E₃/E₂ (P<0.001) and E₃/E₄ (P<0.001) genotypes had a higher level of MDA than the control group.

According to the findings, patients with ESRD had higher genotypes of E₃/E₂ and E₃/E₄, which suggests a higher risk of developing ESRD.