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Auditory spaciousness: some further psychoacoustic analyses.

J Blauert, W Lindemann

    The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Auditory spaciousness in concert halls is strongly linked to listener preference. Early lateral reflections, especially those with high frequencies, are key to creating a sense of spaciousness and listener envelopment.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychoacoustics
    • Architectural Acoustics
    • Auditory Perception

    Background:

    • Listener preference in concert halls is highly correlated with auditory spaciousness.
    • Auditory spaciousness is a complex perceptual attribute influenced by sound field characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the psychoacoustic factors contributing to auditory spaciousness in concert hall sound fields.
    • To explore the relationship between early lateral reflections and perceived spaciousness.
    • To develop a model for objectively measuring auditory spaciousness.

    Main Methods:

    • Psychoacoustic experiments were conducted to assess listener preference and perceptions of spaciousness.
    • Analysis focused on the role of early lateral reflections, including their spectral content and timing.

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  • A binaural signal processing model incorporating interaural time and level differences was developed.

    • Main Results:

    • Auditory spaciousness is primarily determined by early lateral reflections, with all spectral components contributing.
    • Low-frequency reverberation has a minor, taste-dependent effect on spaciousness.
    • Early lateral reflections above 3 kHz enhance image broadening, while those below 3 kHz primarily create front-back expansion, contributing to envelopment.
    • Spectral restriction of early lateral reflections negatively impacts spaciousness judgments.

    Conclusions:

    • Early lateral reflections are the dominant factor in creating auditory spaciousness and listener preference.
    • The spectral content of early lateral reflections significantly influences the nature of perceived spaciousness (envelopment vs. broadening).
    • A quasiobjective measure of auditory spaciousness can be derived using binaural signal processing models.