Maxillary neoplasms in four dromedary camels

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Comparative Pathology
• Oncology

Background:

• Maxillary masses in camels (Camelus dromedarius) are uncommon.
• Previous literature lacks detailed descriptions of specific tumor types affecting the camel maxilla.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report and characterize novel maxillary tumors in four camels.
• To provide the first detailed histopathological descriptions of ameloblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and central odontogenic fibroma in camels.

Main Methods:

• Radiographic examination of maxillary masses.
• Histopathological diagnosis of tumor types.
• Literature review for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

• Four camels presented with multicystic maxillary masses.
• Diagnoses included conventional ameloblastoma (one case), intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (two cases), and central odontogenic fibroma with ossification (one case).
• This represents the first report of ameloblastoma in camels, the first detailed description of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma in camels, and the first report of central odontogenic fibroma in any animal species.

Conclusions:

• Maxillary tumors in camels can present with diverse histopathological findings.
• This study expands the understanding of comparative oncology in camelids.
• Further research into the etiology and treatment of these conditions is warranted.