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Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth
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"Single-pole dual-control" competing mode in plants.

Tian-Ying Yu1, Tian-Ying Gao1, Wen-Jia Li1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Plants utilize a "single-pole dual-control" mechanism where competing signals regulate development and microbial interactions. This economical strategy optimizes cellular functions and adaptation for improved crop traits.

Keywords:
antagonismautocrineimmunityiterative developmentparacrinesingle-pole dual-controlsymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Cell-to-Cell Communication

Background:

  • Plant development relies on diffusible signals and location cues activating cell surface receptors.
  • Cell surface receptors direct cell fate for optimal function and biological fitness.
  • A potential "single-pole dual-control" mechanism governs plant development and microbial interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze "single-pole dual-control" competing modes in plant signaling.
  • To investigate the commonalities and characteristics of these molecular mechanisms.
  • To explore the implications for plant development, microbial interactions, and crop improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on "single-pole dual-control" signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of competitive molecular mechanisms in plant development and microbial infection.
  • Comparative study of paracrine and autocrine signaling roles.

Main Results:

  • Identified "single-pole dual-control" as a competing mode involving paracrine and autocrine signals.
  • Demonstrated this mechanism precisely regulates plant development and microbial symbiosis/immunity.
  • Highlighted its role in molecular recognition, cell communication, and protein interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The "single-pole dual-control" mechanism is an economical strategy for programmed plant development.
  • This paradigm reduces internal friction in plant-microbe interactions, promoting adaptation.
  • Understanding this mechanism can lead to discovering new receptors/peptides for crop improvement.