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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Jarisch‒Herxheimer reaction.

Manjyot Gautam1, Sahil Sethi1, Nitin J Nadkarni1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a rare but potentially severe immune response to syphilis treatment. This case highlights JHR occurrence following penicillin therapy in a young adult male patient.

Keywords:
Benzathine penicillinJarisch‒Herxheimerimmunological phenomenon

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Syphilis, caused by *Treponema pallidum*, is diagnosed via Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing.
  • Benzathine penicillin administered intramuscularly is the primary treatment for syphilis.
  • The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a transient, immune-mediated phenomenon complicating syphilis treatment.

Observation:

  • JHR presents with acute constitutional symptoms including fever, chills, headache, and myalgia.
  • Cutaneous lesions associated with syphilis may transiently worsen during a JHR.
  • This report details a case of JHR in a 24-year-old male after receiving benzathine penicillin.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction post-treatment with benzathine penicillin.
  • The reaction manifested with characteristic symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia.
  • Exacerbation of cutaneous syphilitic lesions was also noted.

Implications:

  • Understanding JHR is crucial for managing syphilis patients undergoing penicillin treatment.
  • Early recognition and supportive care can mitigate JHR severity.
  • This case underscores the importance of patient education regarding potential treatment reactions.