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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
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Heart failure-induced brain myelin changes and differences between sexes.

Bhaswati Roy1, Susana Vacas1, Luke Ehlert1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure (HF) causes brain myelin damage, particularly in areas controlling mood and cognition. Female HF patients exhibit more severe brain myelin loss than males, explaining worsened symptoms.

Keywords:
T1-weighted imageT2-weighted imageautonomichippocampusinsulawhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cardiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is linked to brain dysfunction affecting autonomic, respiratory, mood, and cognitive functions.
  • Previous studies indicate tissue volume loss and altered brain metabolites in HF patients.
  • The specific impact of HF on brain myelin integrity and sex-based differences remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional brain subcortical and white matter myelin integrity in HF patients compared to controls.
  • To examine sex-specific differences in brain myelin integrity among HF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans from 63 HF patients and 129 controls using a 3.0-Tesla scanner.
  • Computed ratio maps from T1- and T2-weighted images, normalized, smoothed, and compared between groups using ANCOVA.
  • Statistical analyses included covariates for age and sex, with significance thresholds set at p < .010 (FDR) for group comparisons and p < .005 (uncorrected) for sex comparisons within HF.

Main Results:

  • HF patients demonstrated reduced myelin integrity in multiple brain regions, including the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate, insula, cerebellum, prefrontal cortices, and white matter, compared to controls.
  • Female HF patients exhibited greater myelin injury in the parietal, prefrontal, frontal, hippocampus, amygdala, pons, cerebellum, insula, and corpus callosum compared to male HF patients.
  • Overall, HF compromised subcortical and white matter myelin integrity, particularly in regions regulating autonomic, respiratory, mood, and cognitive functions, with females showing more pronounced changes than males.

Conclusions:

  • Heart failure leads to compromised subcortical and white matter myelin integrity, affecting critical brain functions.
  • Significant sex differences exist, with female HF patients experiencing more extensive brain myelin damage.
  • These findings offer a structural explanation for more severe symptoms observed in female HF patients compared to males with similar disease severity.