Potential therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the oral and maxillofacial tissues

Over the past decades, we have noted that the study of stem cells is of interest to scientists because it offers great promise for the development of cell-based therapies and establishes basic models for studying the pathogenesis of diseases, overcoming all the challenges it encounters. The majority of craniofacial tissues are derived from mesenchymal tissues, so it makes the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) an attractive candidate for regenerating damaged or diseased craniofacial structures. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) do not have the same obstacles as embryonic stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can be used to conduct research and treat diseases, as they do not require embryonic destruction. MSCs possess unique properties such as self-renewal, the ability to differentiate into different cell types, and the modulation of immune cells. The present review article provided an overview of MSCs isolated from both nondental and dental tissues and highlighted the available information regarding the significant progress in both experimental and clinical trials of MSCs and their potential therapeutic application in the oral and maxillofacial regions. This review sheds light on the experimental research and clinical applications that have led to the development of new MSCs therapies for a variety of diseases. Moreover, we have highlighted the experiments that proved that MSCs are an effective tool for tissue regeneration in the oral and craniofacial regions. This could pave the way for scientists to improve the surgical methods of oral and maxillofacial and treatment of craniofacial malformations.