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Honey bees switch mechanisms to drink deep nectar efficiently.

Jiangkun Wei1, Alejandro Rico-Guevara2,3, Susan W Nicolson4

  • 1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China.

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Honey bees utilize multiple feeding strategies, adapting their tongue use to efficiently collect nectar from various flowers. This versatility allows them to exploit a wider range of floral resources.

Keywords:
feeding strategiesfluid mechanicshoney beeinsect mouthpartsplant–pollinator interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Insect physiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Animal feeding mechanisms dictate resource exploitation.
  • Floral nectarivores, like honey bees, face choices influenced by flower depth and nectar properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse strategies honey bees employ for efficient nectar extraction.
  • To understand how honey bees adapt their feeding mechanisms to varying nectar concentrations and floral depths.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of honey bee feeding behaviors.
  • Analysis of the honey bee feeding apparatus and its functional capabilities.
  • Correlation of feeding strategies with nectar properties and corolla depth.

Main Results:

  • Honey bees employ both lapping (dipping, capillary loading) and sucking feeding mechanisms.
  • The choice between lapping and sucking is dynamically adjusted based on nectar-mouth distance and sugar concentration.
  • The honey bee feeding apparatus functions as a versatile tool, switching between modes for optimal ingestion efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Honey bees possess adaptable feeding mechanisms enabling efficient nectar extraction across diverse floral environments.
  • These versatile strategies enhance honey bee foraging efficiency and adaptability to a broad spectrum of floral resources.