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Biliverdin as a disease-modifying agent: An integrated viewpoint.

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Biliverdin (BV), a heme byproduct, shows antioxidant and therapeutic potential in preclinical studies for various diseases. Clinical data is lacking, hindering its translation into a disease-modifying agent.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biliverdin (BV) is a heme oxygenase (HO) activity byproduct, normally reduced to bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR).
  • Inhibition of BVR leads to BV accumulation, causing green jaundice.
  • Preclinical research suggests BV possesses antioxidant properties and modulates signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential therapeutic applications of biliverdin.
  • To highlight the limitations in translating preclinical findings to clinical practice.
  • To advocate for increased collaboration between basic and clinical researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical studies on biliverdin's effects.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways targeted by biliverdin.
  • Examination of conditions associated with biliverdin accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Biliverdin exhibits direct antioxidant effects and influences pathways like BVR, sGC, and AhR.
  • Preclinical data indicates potential benefits in ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, GVHD, viral infections, and cancer.
  • Clinical data on exogenous BV efficacy and human pharmacokinetics is absent.

Conclusions:

  • Biliverdin shows promise as a therapeutic agent, particularly in free radical-related diseases.
  • The lack of clinical validation and pharmacokinetic data impedes BV's therapeutic development.
  • Enhanced translational research is crucial to establish biliverdin as a disease-modifying agent.