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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

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Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy.

Chan Kwon Jung1,2

  • 1Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Core needle biopsy (CNB) is now recognized for thyroid nodule evaluation, offering detailed tissue samples for accurate diagnosis and reducing repeat procedures. This review highlights CNB

Keywords:
Biopsy, Core needleMutationPractice guidelineThyroid neoplasmsThyroid nodule

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Core needle biopsy (CNB) is increasingly used for thyroid nodule evaluation.
  • The 2023 Korean Thyroid Association guidelines now recognize CNB's value.
  • CNB provides tissue for detailed histologic and cytologic analysis, aiding diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review malignancy risk in thyroid nodule diagnostic categories using CNB.
  • To discuss the impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features.
  • To explore the role of mutation-specific immunostaining in improving diagnostic accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on core needle biopsy for thyroid nodules.
  • Analysis of diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks.
  • Evaluation of mutation-specific immunostaining techniques.

Main Results:

  • CNB provides substantial tissue for accurate diagnosis, reducing repeat biopsies.
  • Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features impacts malignancy risk assessment.
  • Mutation-specific immunostaining enhances the classification of follicular-patterned lesions.

Conclusions:

  • CNB is a valuable tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis, supported by new guidelines.
  • Accurate classification of follicular-patterned lesions is crucial and can be improved with specific techniques.
  • A multidisciplinary approach combined with mutation-specific immunostaining strengthens diagnostic consensus and patient management.