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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

4.4K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Autophagy protein 5 controls flow-dependent endothelial functions.

Pierre Nivoit1, Thomas Mathivet1, Junxi Wu2,3

  • 1Inserm, Université Paris Cité, PARCC, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular process, is vital for endothelial cell function and blood vessel health. This study reveals its critical role in regulating blood flow responses and preventing cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
AutophagyEndotheliumFlow-mediated dilatationMechanosensingVEGFR2eNOS

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Dysregulated autophagy is linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
  • Impaired endothelial cell responses to blood flow contribute to cardiovascular risk.
  • The precise mechanisms of autophagy in endothelial function are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of autophagy in endothelial cell function.
  • To investigate the impact of autophagy on vascular responses and cardiovascular health.
  • To link cellular proteostasis mechanisms to vascular mechanosensing.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-omics approaches were employed.
  • In vitro and in vivo functional assays were conducted.
  • Endothelial-specific ATG5 deficiency models were utilized.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy regulates VEGF-dependent VEGFR signaling and eNOS activation.
  • Endothelial ATG5 deficiency impairs flow-induced vasodilation and increases vascular resistance.
  • Autophagy is crucial for arterial remodeling, preventing neointima formation, and myocardial infarction recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a fundamental role in endothelial function.
  • Autophagy links cellular proteostasis to vascular mechanosensing.
  • Targeting autophagy may offer new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.