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Evolutionary origin, population diversity, and diagnostics for a cryptic hybrid pathogen.

Jacob L Steenwyk1,2,3, Sonja Knowles4, Rafael W Bastos5,6

  • 1Howards Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptic fungal pathogen Aspergillus latus is often misidentified. This study reveals its hybrid origin and distinct traits, proposing new diagnostic markers for accurate identification and improved disease management.

Keywords:
allodiploidydiagnosticslong-read sequencingmedical mycologypangenomepathogenicitysecondary metabolismtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology and Pathogen Identification
  • Genomics and Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Cryptic fungal pathogens present diagnostic challenges due to morphological similarity to known species.
  • Aspergillus latus, a cryptic hybrid pathogen, is poorly understood, leading to misidentifications and hindering effective disease management.

Approach:

  • Genomic and phenotypic analyses of 44 Aspergillus section Nidulantes isolates, including 41 clinical samples.
  • Phylogenomic and pangenome analyses to elucidate the origin and genetic diversity of A. latus.
  • Transcriptomic analysis to assess gene expression from parental genomes and phenotypic characterization of infection-relevant traits.

Key Points:

  • Standard identification methods misidentified all 21 clinical A. latus isolates.
  • Phylogenomic analysis suggests A. latus originated from hybridization events during the Miocene.
  • A. latus exhibits substantial genetic diversity and distinct phenotypic profiles compared to its relatives.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed five genomic and phenotypic markers for accurate A. latus species identification.
  • Findings enhance understanding of hybridization's role in fungal pathogen evolution and pathogenesis.
  • Highlights the utility of comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analyses for cryptic pathogen diagnostics.