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Descriptive Study on Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Supracondylar Fractures Treated
Fathima S Mubarak1,2, Muhammed A Mohamed Anzar2, Kandeepan Kanagratnam2
1Cardiothoracic Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, GBR.
Insights
Pediatric supracondylar fractures are common, with falls being the main cause. This study in Sri Lanka highlights treatment methods and outcomes in a resource-limited setting, offering insights for global pediatric fracture management.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Pediatric trauma
- Global health
Background:
- Supracondylar fractures are frequent pediatric elbow injuries.
- Management is challenging in developing countries due to resource limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the incidence, demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric supracondylar fractures.
- To analyze management in a resource-constrained environment at Ashraff Memorial Hospital, Sri Lanka.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective descriptive study of 79 children with supracondylar fractures.
- Data collected between January 2019 and December 2020.
- Analysis included demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture types (Gartland classification), treatments, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Majority of patients were male (70.9%), aged 1-15 years; falls were the primary cause (92.4%).
- Gartland type I (44.3%), II (29.1%), and III (26.6%) fractures were observed.
- Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (41.8%) was the most common treatment; type III fractures showed higher complication rates (vascular/nerve issues).
Conclusions:
- Supracondylar fractures are the most common pediatric orthopedic injuries.
- Findings offer insights into managing these fractures in resource-limited settings.
- The study contributes to developing guidelines for pediatric fracture care in underdeveloped nations.
Introduction:
Supracondylar fractures are common pediatric elbow injuries, with management in developing countries presenting challenges due to limited resources, inadequate facilities, and a lack of trained personnel.
Method:
This study aimed to describe the incidence, demographics, clinical presentation, treatment methods, and outcomes of supracondylar fractures treated at Ashraff Memorial Hospital (AMH)-Kalmunai, a base hospital in Sri Lanka. This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted between January 2019 and December 2020.
Results:
The study involved 79 children with supracondylar fractures. The majority of the children were male (70.9%) and their ages ranged from one to 15 years. The study identified falls as the most common presenting complaint (92.4%), followed by road traffic accidents (3.8%), native treatment (2.5%), and mismanagement (1.3%). The majority of fractures affected the right side (69.6%), while the remaining cases involved the left side (30.4%). Regarding the time duration from fracture to hospital presentation, a significant proportion of children sought medical attention on the same day (51.9%), followed by presentations within the first three days (38%), within a week (5.1%), or after a month (3.8%). Based on the Gartland classification, type I fractures accounted for 44.3% of cases, followed by type II fractures (29.1%) and type III fractures (26.6%). The most common treatment approach was closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (41.8%). Other treatment options included plaster of Paris (POP) cast without manipulation (36.7%), POP cast with manipulation (7.6%), analgesics alone (6.3%), and open reduction fixation (5.1%). Follow-up procedures varied, with routine cast removal (11.4%), routine cast and K-wire removal (45.6%), and re-do surgery with routine follow-up (1.3%). Among the type III fractures, two children presented with vascular compromise and anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) impairment, while another two children had AIN impairment only. Type I and type II fractures did not exhibit nerve involvement or vascular impairment. Only one out of the 79 children had an open fracture.
Conclusion:
Supracondylar fracture is the most common orthopedic fracture in children. The study sheds light on the challenges and opportunities associated with treating pediatric supracondylar fractures in a resource-constrained context. The findings can help produce guidelines for the management of supracondylar fractures in underdeveloped nations, as well as contribute to global efforts to enhance the management of pediatric fractures.
