[Normalized diagnosis and treatment of small penis: Advances in studies]

Small penis is abnormal development of the male external genitalia with unknown etiology. It is closely related to abnormal endocrine or pubertal development, chromosomal or genetic abnormalities. Pubertal growth retardation and secondary hypogonadism are commonly complicated by small penis or small testis; primary hypogonadal lesion develops in the testis; testosterone deficiency often results in small penis and short stature; sexual dysfunction and male infertility tend to occur in adult men. Attention should be paid to the four aspects concerning the clinically standardized diagnosis and treatment of small penis, namely, accurate measurement of the stretched penile length, active screening of possible causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and active and effective clinical interventions for the purpose of increasing the penile length and improving the prognosis, patient's quality of life, and natural pregnancy rate.