Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

Reply to S. Chakrabarti et al, R. Cohen et al, and D.C. Guven

Richard Gray1, Matt Seymour1, Laura Magill1

  • 1Richard Gray, MSc, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Matt Seymour, MD, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Laura Magill, PhD and Kelly Handley, PhD, University of Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Philip Quirke, MD and Nick West, MD, Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Dion Morton, MD, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|July 18, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration02:35

Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration

Overview
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more substituted...
Ethers to Alkyl Halides: Acidic Cleavage02:18

Ethers to Alkyl Halides: Acidic Cleavage

Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and, therefore, poor leaving groups. However, ethers readily undergo acidic-cleavage reactions. Ethers can be converted to alkyl halides when heated with strong acids such as HBr and HI in a sequence of two substitution reactions.
Acetals and Thioacetals as Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones01:24

Acetals and Thioacetals as Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones

Acetals are formed by reacting two equivalents of alcohol with carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones. Acetals are unaffected by bases, nucleophiles, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. They serve as protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones. Acetals can be easily formed and also easily removed via mild acid hydrolysis.
In the presence of multiple functional groups, when selective reduction of one group over the other is desired, groups like aldehydes and ketones that form acetals...
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen double...
Acid Halides to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction01:15

Acid Halides to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction

Organomagnesium halides, commonly known as Grignard reagents, convert acid halides to tertiary alcohols. The reaction requires two equivalents of the Grignard reagent and proceeds via a ketone intermediate.
Grignard reagents are a source of carbanions and function as nucleophiles. The mechanism begins with the nucleophilic attack by the carbanion at the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs,...