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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

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The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

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Eosinophilic esophagitis.

Saad Alkhowaiter1

  • 1From the Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital; and from the Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Medical Journal
|July 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic condition causing eosinophil buildup in the esophagus, leading to digestive symptoms. Early detection and treatment are key to managing this chronic disease and preventing complications.

Keywords:
dupilumabeosinophilic esophagitisgastroesophageal reflux diseaseproton pump inhibitor

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic immune condition characterized by eosinophil infiltration of the esophageal mucosa.
  • Symptoms vary by age, including dysphagia and heartburn in adults, and abdominal pain or vomiting in children.
  • Untreated EoE can progress to subepithelial fibrosis and esophageal stenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an introductory review of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).
  • To describe the detection, diagnosis, and management of EoE.
  • To highlight current and emerging therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is confirmed by characteristic symptoms, endoscopic findings, and esophageal biopsy results (>15 eosinophils/hpf).
  • Review of current literature on EoE detection, diagnosis, and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • EoE diagnosis requires a combination of clinical presentation, endoscopic evidence, and specific biopsy findings.
  • Available treatments include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), topical steroids, and elimination diets.
  • Novel biologics, such as the monoclonal antibody dupilumab, are emerging as promising therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of EoE involves prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
  • Current therapies can significantly improve symptoms and reduce esophageal eosinophil counts.
  • Advancements in biologics offer new hope for managing this chronic condition.