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External validity in distributed data networks.

Michael Webster-Clark1,2, Sengwee Toh3, Jonathan Arnold4

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
|July 18, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External validity in distributed networks is complex, with no single approach fitting all. Sentinel, CNODES, and PCORnet demonstrate varied strategies for ensuring research findings are applicable across different populations and settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacoepidemiology
  • Health Services Research
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Distributed networks are increasingly used for observational studies, yet external validity remains under-examined.
  • Internal validity is often prioritized, leaving external validity challenges in distributed networks less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define key terms related to external validity (generalizability, transportability).
  • To examine how distributed networks like Sentinel, CNODES, and PCORnet address external validity.
  • To identify diverse approaches to external validity within these networks.

Main Methods:

  • Defined core concepts: external validity, target populations, target validity, generalizability, transportability.
  • Described the approaches of Sentinel, CNODES, and PCORnet to external validity.
  • Included case studies to illustrate network-specific strategies.

Main Results:

  • Sentinel focuses on US population representation, addressing potential exclusion of certain groups.
  • CNODES must consider data transportability across US, Canadian, and UK populations for meta-analyses.
  • PCORnet employs case-by-case external validity assessments for its pragmatic trials and study-specific cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • There is no universal method for addressing external validity in distributed networks.
  • Adapting existing external validity tools for the distributed network context is crucial.
  • Comparative effectiveness research in pharmacoepidemiology necessitates tailored approaches to external validity.