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Brain and cognitive reserve mitigate balance dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

Luca Prosperini1, Irene Alcamisi2, Maria Esmeralda Quartuccio3

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, C.ne Gianicolense 87, 00152, Rome, Italy. luca.prosperini@gmail.com.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain and cognitive reserve protect multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from balance issues caused by MS-related tissue damage. Higher brain volume and education improved balance, especially when performing tasks requiring attention.

Keywords:
BalanceBrain reserveCognitive reserveMultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently causes balance dysfunction, affecting daily life.
  • However, some MS patients maintain balance despite significant disease burden, suggesting protective factors.
  • Brain and cognitive reserve are hypothesized to mitigate the impact of MS-related tissue damage on balance control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective role of brain and cognitive reserve against MS-related tissue damage impacting balance.
  • To determine if factors like intracranial volume and educational attainment influence balance control in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Postural sway was measured in 148 MS patients and 74 controls using a force platform under eyes-open, eyes-closed, and dual-task conditions.
  • MS-related tissue damage was assessed via lesion volumes and normalized brain volume.
  • Hierarchical linear regressions analyzed the protective effects of intracranial volume and educational attainment on balance.

Main Results:

  • Increased intracranial volume and higher educational attainment significantly reduced the negative impact of MS-related tissue damage on postural sway in eyes-open and dual-task conditions.
  • These protective effects were not observed under the eyes-closed condition.
  • Neither educational level nor brain size correlated with postural sway when eyes were closed.

Conclusions:

  • Brain and cognitive reserve play a protective role in maintaining balance in MS patients, supporting both motor and cognitive functions.
  • The lack of protection under eyes-closed conditions suggests this balance measure is more closely linked to spinal cord integrity than brain damage.