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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...

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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

A comprehensive review on pharmaceutical excipients.

Rachana D Pockle¹, Rajashree S Masareddy¹, Archana S Patil¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India.

Therapeutic Delivery

|July 19, 2023

Summary

Pharmaceutical excipients are crucial for drug effectiveness, evolving from inactive ingredients to essential formulation components. This review covers their categorization and safety evaluation guidelines.

Keywords:

IPEC functionality pharmaceutical excipient pharmaceutical sector safety guidelines solid dosage forms

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Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Delivery
Formulation Development

Background:

Pharmaceutical excipients, once considered inactive, are now recognized as vital components of drug formulations, comprising 80-90% of the final product.
Advancements in drug delivery systems and biopharmaceutics have increased focus on the role and functionality of excipients, particularly in solid dosage forms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the categorization of pharmaceutical excipients based on International Pharmaceutical Excipient Council (IPEC) guidelines.
To outline established guidelines for evaluating the safety of novel pharmaceutical excipients.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pharmaceutical excipient roles and classifications.
Analysis of International Pharmaceutical Excipient Council (IPEC) standards and safety evaluation frameworks.

Main Results:

Excipients are essential for drug efficacy and delivery, not merely inert fillers.
The IPEC provides a standardized framework for classifying excipients.
Guidelines exist for assessing the safety of new excipients entering the market.

Conclusions:

The role of pharmaceutical excipients has significantly evolved, impacting drug effectiveness and delivery.
Standardized categorization and safety evaluation are critical for the responsible development and use of excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.