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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

8.3K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
3.8K
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

75.9K
The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
75.9K
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

12.6K
ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
12.6K
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

4.9K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
4.9K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

14.8K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
14.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

In Vivo Three-Dimensional Two-Photon Microscopy to Study Conducted Vascular Responses by Local ATP Ejection Using a Glass Micro-Pipette
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In Vivo Three-Dimensional Two-Photon Microscopy to Study Conducted Vascular Responses by Local ATP Ejection Using a Glass Micro-Pipette

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Heterogeneous ATP patterns in microvascular networks.

Zhe Gou1, Hengdi Zhang1,2, Chaouqi Misbah1

  • 1CNRS, LIPhy, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as an energy carrier and signaling molecule. This study reveals complex ATP distribution patterns in blood vessels, influenced by red blood cell behavior and vascular geometry.

Keywords:
ATPendothelial cellsmicrocirculationred blood cells

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Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK
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In Vivo Three-Dimensional Two-Photon Microscopy to Study Conducted Vascular Responses by Local ATP Ejection Using a Glass Micro-Pipette
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Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production
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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is crucial for cellular energy and signaling.
  • Abnormal vascular ATP levels are linked to pathologies like inflammation, hypoxia, and atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze ATP release by red blood cells (RBCs) and degradation by endothelial cells (ECs) within a vascular network.
  • To investigate the impact of RBC interactions and vascular geometry on ATP distribution patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced numerical methods were employed to simulate ATP dynamics.
  • The model incorporated RBC interactions and interactions with vascular walls in a cat mesentery-inspired network.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous ATP distribution was observed, with higher concentrations in the cell-free layer and peaks near bifurcations.
  • RBC spatial organization, driven by network geometry, dictates ATP patterns.
  • Hematocrit and flow strength significantly influence ATP levels and heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides foundational insights into vascular ATP signaling patterns.
  • Understanding these patterns is essential for elucidating downstream biochemical signaling, such as calcium dynamics in ECs.