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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Vomiting in Pediatric Patients.

Alisa Wray1, Daryn Towle1, Alexa Lucas1

  • 1University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA.

Journal of Education & Teaching in Emergency Medicine
|July 19, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This team-based learning activity effectively trains medical students and residents to differentiate pediatric vomiting causes. It improves recognition of critical red flags and appropriate diagnostic pathways for better patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Vomiting is a frequent pediatric emergency department complaint with diverse causes, ranging from self-limiting to critical conditions.
  • Distinguishing between emergent and non-emergent pediatric vomiting is challenging for junior clinicians.
  • Key conditions to consider include intussusception, pyloric stenosis, malrotation, intestinal atresia, and intracranial pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a team-based learning (TBL) activity for medical students and residents.
  • To enhance learners' ability to differentiate causes of pediatric vomiting and identify red flag symptoms.
  • To improve diagnostic reasoning for pediatric vomiting presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Classic Team-Based Learning (cTBL) format utilized.
  • Cases designed for emergency medicine-bound medical students and junior residents.
  • Learner and instructor feedback collected post-session.

Main Results:

  • The TBL session was found to be engaging, informative, and educational.
  • Learners perceived the content as level-appropriate for medical students and junior residents.
  • Feedback led to adjustments in questions and case rewrites for improved implementation.

Conclusions:

  • The educational content and delivery were effective in meeting learning objectives.
  • The TBL approach successfully aided junior learners in differentiating pediatric vomiting cases.
  • The activity is valuable for improving clinical decision-making in pediatric emergency medicine.