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Updated: Jul 23, 2025
Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
Published on: January 18, 2021
3D-Printing-Based Fluoroscopic Coronary Angiography Simulator Improves Learning Capability Among Cardiology Trainees
Ganda Wibowo1,2, Dyah Wulan Anggrahini1,2, Rochmi Isnaini Rismawanti1
1Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Aim:
One of the essential competencies of cardiology trainees is the ability to perform coronary angiography with good projection.
Purpose:
This study is a research and development study aimed at testing the effectiveness of 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator as a learning medium for diagnostic coronary angiogram.
Methods:
Thirty-four cardiology trainees randomly were divided into two groups. Both groups took a pretest before the intervention. The first group (group A) studied using conventional learning media and underwent the first post-test. Afterward, they switched to a 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator and underwent a second post-test. The second group (group B) studied using a 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator, underwent the first post-test, switched to the conventional learning media, and underwent a second post-test.
Results:
The delta between the post-test I and the pretest of group B was 8.53, higher than the delta between the post-test I and the pretest of group A (5.21) with a significant difference (p = 0.003). In group A, the delta between post-test II and pretest was 9.65, higher than the delta between post-test I and pretest (5.21) with a significant difference (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator is effective as a learning medium for coronary angiogram diagnostics.
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