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Case Report: Altered with PRES.

Fatima Dema1, David C Feldman1

  • 1Morristown Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Morristown, NJ.

Journal of Education & Teaching in Emergency Medicine
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details a patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), presenting with altered mental status and seizures. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of this hypertensive emergency led to a favorable neurological recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances.
  • Hypertensive emergencies can precipitate PRES, necessitating prompt recognition and management.
  • Differential diagnosis for altered mental status and focal neurological deficits is broad, including PRES.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of PRES in a patient with a history of anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse.
  • To highlight the importance of considering PRES in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with hypertensive emergencies and neurological symptoms.
  • To emphasize the impact of early recognition and treatment on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a 51-year-old female presenting with altered mental status, focal neurological deficits, and seizure.
  • Diagnostic imaging included non-contrast computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head.
  • Treatment involved anti-hypertensive therapy and seizure prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • CT scan revealed findings suggestive of PRES.
  • MRI confirmed the diagnosis of PRES.
  • The patient received appropriate treatment and demonstrated a favorable neurological recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and prompt management of PRES are crucial for improving neurological outcomes.
  • PRES should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with altered mental status, significant hypertension, and focal neurological deficits.
  • Timely intervention can significantly enhance a patient's quality of life.